This article takes a closer look at the various symptoms and causes of hyponatremia. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Is there a treatment for hyponatremia (low sodium). It can lead to lethargy, confusion, fatigue, and other symptoms. Hyponatremia occurs when the amount of sodium (salt) in your blood is lower than normal. Many hospitalizations. Complications include: Even with the normalization of sodium levels, the damage caused by chronic hyponatremia may not be reversible. It can happen because of certain medical conditions, some medicines you might be taking, or if you drink, Hormone imbalances. Immediate treatment for hyponatremia is to raise the level of sodium in your blood. She is an associate clinical professor of neurology at Tufts School of Medicine. Policy. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. This can cause seizures, headaches, muscle cramps, and more. Sodium is also needed for nerves, muscles, and other body tissues to work properly. Sweat and other body fluids are high in sodium. Those with mild-to-moderate hyponatremia due to lifestyle factors or medication could increase their sodium to usual levels by drinking less and adjusting or switching their medications. 11th ed. Reviewed by: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. It can be diagnosed with a blood test. As a result, water retention and the development of hyponatremia will be limited, unless distal delivery is very low or water intake is very high. Treatment for hyponatremia involves restoring sodium levels and addressing what has caused them. Rarely, the treatment of hyponatremia can also lead to neurological damage. Sodium levels must be corrected carefully. But at any age, youre more likely to get it if you have certain conditions, including: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), Primary polydipsia, a psychiatric condition that makes you want to drink lots of water. Have diseases that affect the lungs, liver or brain. But theyll need to see your test results to make sure you have hyponatremia. The severity of the symptoms depends on how low the sodium levels are in the bloodstream and how quickly they fall. Most people recover fully with their healthcare providers help. decreased. You may urinate more often while taking these medicines. It is also associated with worse outcomes if a stroke does occur. Test Abnormalities. What's the Best Way to Raise Low Blood Sodium Levels? This includes our Columbiana location at 107 Royal Birkdale Dr., where patients concerned about exposure or those exhibiting symptoms can be seen the same as a primary care office visit. I would get symptomatic from small amounts of sodium. Educational text answers on HealthTap are not intended for individual diagnosis, treatment or prescription. headaches. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Typical symptoms include: confusion. 2016 Sep;5(5):R35R43. The main cause of low sodium is an excess of water or fluid in your system. Sodium and potassium levels in your blood are important. According to American Family Physician, symptoms of osmotic demyelination syndrome usually occur one to six days after correcting sodium levels. And a condition called Addisons disease can affect the hormones that help keep your electrolytes in check. Often, the cause of hyponatremia is an underlying condition, which will usually require specific treatment. Avoid caffeine and alcohol, as these can cause you to have electrolyte disturbances. If you are unable to properly replenish sodium supplies after heavy sweating, sodium levels can drop precipitously. Drinking too much water (overhydration) further increases the risk. Published on: 26 December 2020 Categories: Uncategorized. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of Dietary sodium and health: more than just blood pressure, Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia: compilation of the guidelines, Clinical aspects of symptomatic hyponatremia, Complications and management of hyponatremia, Sweat rates, sweat sodium concentrations, and sodium losses in 3 groups of professional football players, Use the nutrition facts label to reduce your intake of sodium in your diet, A rare cause of retinal artery occlusion in severe hypernatremic dehydration in newborns, Relation of DietarySodiumIntake With Subclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Disease (from MESA). In: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. Many of the symptoms are also appear due to other conditions. Since older adults are usually more likely to take certain medications or develop chronic diseases, theyre generally more likely to get hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is a condition that happens when sodium levels in your blood are too low. Disorders of water balance. Neither low sodium (hyponatremia) nor high sodium (hypernatremia) has any known effect on vision. National Library of Medicines list Dietary sodium and health: more than just blood pressure. There are few medications that are consistently effective in treating hyponatremia. 2023 Mercy Health. The medical team will restore the sodium level over the course of several hours or days, depending on the severity of your condition. Diet: Those who eat a low-sodium diet also have an increased risk of hyponatremia because they don't eat large amounts of sodium. Severe hyponatremia occurs when levels drop below 125 meq/l. There have been cases where hypernatremia in newborns has caused severe damage to the retina, but this is extremely rare. Drinking too much water. Hyponatremia may also be caused by lifestyle factors or medical conditions that affect the balance of water and/or sodium in the body. 2010;45(4):364-71. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-45.4.364, Gankam Kengne F, Decaux G. Hyponatremia and the Brain. Youre probably getting enough water if you dont feel thirsty and your urine is a pale yellow color. When doctors suspect hyponatremia, they do blood and urine tests. Your doctor might change the dosage of medications like diuretics. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Hyponatremia is a term for having a blood sodium level that is lower than normal. Hyponatremia (low blood sodium) is a condition that means you dont have enough sodium in your blood. Certain conditions may cause a lack of sodium in the blood. This causes the cells to swell with too much water. Acute hyponatremia, which develops quickly, is more severe than chronic cases, which have a longer onset time. Your doctor will be able to tell you whether your level is too low. Without treatment, it can lead to more serious issues, such as brain swelling or coma. But with acute hyponatremia, your sodium levels drop very quickly. Journal of Clinical Medicine. WebHyponatremia is an electrolyte imbalance and is indicated by a low level of sodium in the blood. Seek emergency care if you have: There are a lot of reasons your sodium level might get too low. If your provider is monitoring your blood sodium levels, youll need to take blood tests. A person with hyponatremia will have no symptoms if sodium levels are mildly decreased. The outlook for people with low sodium levels depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Depending on how LOW below normal your sodium is, correction may have to be done fairly gradually to prevent harm. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia can include altered personality, lethargy and confusion. They may also require drugs to treat seizures or other hyponatremia symptoms. What kind of prescription medications you take. The medical name of this condition is hyponatremia. renal causes, such as acute or chronic renal failure, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), where the body makes too much antidiuretic hormone, having specific conditions, such as SIADH or, avoid drinking excessive amounts of water, consume sports drinks during intense exercise, seek medical care if vomiting or diarrhea symptoms persist. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. This is when fluids containing water, sodium, and other key electrolytes are delivered gradually by "drips" into a vein using a needle. Hyponatremia symptoms are also more likely to be severe in children, according to American Family Physician. Endocr Connect. It is more prevalent among people with cancer. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 15. Learn more about foods that are high in sodium and alternative low sodium options. Specific causes of hyponatremia 2014;3:944. Medical conditions that affect your heart, liver, kidneys or endocrine system can cause water retention. Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other commonly abused medications. I have been hospitalized mult times had seizure. Burns: Burn victims have an increased risk of hyponatremia during the first few hours after the incident because of damage to their skin's absorbency. Others develop rapidly with symptoms developing abruptly. and laboratory tests. Hyponatremia is more common in older adults because they're more likely to take medications or have medical conditions that put them at risk of the disorder. Health problems. If you develop any symptoms of hyponatremia, contact your healthcare provider immediately. For these, please consult a doctor (virtually or in person). Most people return to their regular activities as soon as their sodium levels return to normal. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. Call your provider right away if you have symptoms of this condition. How low is too low? When sodium level falls slowly over days or weeks (chronic hyponatremia), the brain cells have time to adjust and swelling may be minimal. Blood and urine tests will be done. Depending on how LOW below normal your sodium is, correction may have to be done fairly gradually to prevent harm. You can lower your risk for hyponatremia by following your treatment plan and restricting your water intake to levels recommended by your healthcare provider. Any of the following conditions can lead to hyponatremia: A diet that is low in sodium Drinking too much water or receiving too much fluid through an IV Intense and Mercy Health continues to closely monitor the evolving situation in East Palestine, engaging with the Columbiana County Health District and Ohio Emergency Management Agency, among other local, state and federal agencies. a very low sodium level, your healthcare provider will cautiously correct the levels, Coming to a Cleveland Clinic location?Hillcrest Cancer Center check-in changesCole Eye entrance closingVisitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information, Notice of Intelligent Business Solutions data eventLearn more. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit organization and proceeds from Web advertising help support our mission. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. The treatment of hyponatremia can be simple at times and challenging at others. Too much water in your body causes your blood to become watered down. Takahashi PY (expert opinion). 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Never disregard or delay professional medical advice in person because of anything on HealthTap. If youre an athlete, dont forget to include electrolytes when youre hydrating during sporting events. Sterns RH. These risk factors include: Hyponatremia treatments may include changing a medication that affects your sodium level, treating the underlying disease, changing the amount of water you drink or changing the amount of salt in your diet. They can also affect your body's ability to produce hormones that balance your sodium and water levels. In acute there is usually a sudden fall in blood sodium levels (over Poor diet, A new study suggests that low blood sodium levels known as hyponatremia may increase the risk of cognitive decline in older men by more than a, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Luckily, recovery from mild effects of low sodium is typically quick, according to the Mayo Clinic. Eventually, a person may experience seizures and fall into a coma. Front Med (Lausanne). Bouts of chronic, severe diarrhea or vomiting can deplete your body of fluids and sodium..
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